Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is obtained from cultures of Micromonaspora purpurea. Gentamicin sulfate occurs as a white to buff powder. Gentamicin sulfate is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. The commercial product is actually a combination of gentamicin sulfate C1, C2, and C3, but all these compounds apparently have similar antimicrobial activities. Commercially available injections have a pH from 3-5.5. Gentamicinis considered concentration-dependent bactericidal antibiotic.
General: Activity against many aerobic gram-negative and some aerobic gram-positive bacteria, including most species of E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Shigella, Mycoplasma, and Staphylococcus. It can be used with beta-lactam antibiotics because it broadens the spectrum when used with drugs such as penicillins or cephalosporins
Gentamicin irreversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal fragment and inhibit the rate of protein synthesis and the fidelity of mRNA translation which results in the synthesis of abnormal proteins. Their uptake by bacteria includes an energy-dependent step (EDP1), which is oxygen linked and is inhibited by an anaerobic or acidic environment and by Ca2+ or Mg2+. It is bactericidal against Gram (-) aerobes and are synergistic with β lactams against many Gram (+) pathogens.
General: 5-10 mg/kg, IV, IM, SC SID-BID; Cattle:4.4-6.6 mg/kg/day IM, IV divided three times daily, Intramammary: 100-150 mg q12h; Calf: >2 weeks: 12-15 mg/kg q24h IV or IM; Horse: Adult: 4 6.6 mg/kg q24h IM or IV, Foals: 7 mg/kg IV or IM once daily (q24h); Dog, cat:2-4 mg/kg q8h IV, IM or SC
Nephrotoxicity: It is due to the damage of the membranes of proximal tubular cells resulting in a loss of brush border enzymes, impaired absorption, proteinuria, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Ototoxicity (8th cranial nerve toxicity) and vestibulotoxicity: Due to progressive damage to cochlear sensory cells and/or vestibular cells of the inner ear resulting in deafness and ataxia, respectively. Neuromuscular blockade, facial edema. Pain/inflammation at the injection sites.Peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions.Rarely, GI clinical signs, hematologic and hepatic effects found.
Patient with compromised renal function. Contraindicated during pregnancy period. Contraindicated in hypersensitive patient.
Nephrotoxicity: It is due to the damage of the membranes of proximal tubular cells resulting in a loss of brush border enzymes, impaired absorption, proteinuria, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Ototoxicity (8th cranial nerve toxicity) and vestibulotoxicity: Due to progressive damage to cochlear sensory cells and/or vestibular cells of the inner ear resulting in deafness and ataxia, respectively. Neuromuscular blockade, facial edema. Pain/inflammation at the injection sites.Peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions.Rarely, GI clinical signs, hematologic and hepatic effects found.
12 days (Meat), 3 days (Milk, Egg); Swine: Meat: 14 days (PO), 40 days (IM), 10 days (idw); Chicken: Meat: 35 days (SC); Turkeys: Meat: 63 days (SC)
Store below 30° C temperature, protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
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