A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin HCl occurs as a faintly yellowish to yellow, crystalline powder which is slightly soluble in water. Ciprofloxacin is related structurally to the enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin has an additional ethyl group on the piperazinyl ring. It is aconcentration dependent bactericidal agent, causes susceptible bacterial cell death within 20-30 minutes of exposure.
Broad antimicrobial activity: Wide variety of infections effective against some gram-positive aerobes and many gram-negative bacilli and cocci, including most species and strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., E. coli, Enterobacter, Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Haemophilus, Proteus, Yersinia, Serratia, Clostridium, Pasteurellaand Vibrio species. Some activity against mycoplasma and Chlamydophila. Animals: Skin and urinary tract infections, soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, gastrointestinal tract infections, enterotoxaemia, ear infections, uterine infections, udder infections, pneumonia, chronic bacterial prostitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, pink eye, anthrax, swine dysentery. Poultry: CRD/CCRD, mycoplasmosis, salmonelosis, colibacillosis, infectious coryza, fowl cholera. streptococcosis, staphylococcosis, necrotic enteritisetc.; viral diseases like gumboro, newcastle disease etc. for preventing secondary bacterial infections.
Ciprofloxacin is a 2nd generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad spectrum bactericidal effects. It inhibits bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase-II) enzyme & thereby kills bacteria.
General: 5-15mg/kg, PO, IVRuminant: 5 mg/kg, IVDogs:20-25 mg/kg q24h PO; 10 15 mg/kg q24h IV; Cats:20 mg/kg q24h, PO; 10 mg/kg q24h IV’ For susceptible infections: 5-15 mg/kg PO q12h; Poultry:2-5 mg/kg, IV, q24h for 5 days; 5-20 mg/kg, PO q12h for 5 days Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Buffalo: Intramuscular/Intravenous: 5-10 mg/kg body weight daily for 3-5 days. Oral: 7-13 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 3-5 days. Poultry: 8 mg/kg body weight daily for 3-5 days. Dogs: 25 mg/kg body weight daily for 3-5 days. Cats: 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 3-5 days.
With medicine: Ciprofloxacin may show synergistic effect with aminoglycosides, 3rd generation cephalosporin & extended spectrum penicillin. Ciprofloxacin may increase theophylline blood levels & warfarin effects. Nitrofurantoin may antagonize the antimicrobial activity of Ciprofloxacin. With food: Magnesium, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron & Zinc containing products decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of Ciprofloxacin.
Should be considered contraindicated in small and medium breed dogs from 2-8 months of age, patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment may require dosage adjustments to prevent drug accumulation. Use cautiously in animals that may be prone to seizures. Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in dehydrated patient. Patients should be well hydrated and should be instructed to drink fluids liberally. Because of the risk of crystalluria, it is recommended that the usual dosage of the drug should not be exceeded. Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or to other quinolones.
GIT: Nausea, Vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea; Hypersensitivity reactions; CNS: Headhache, stimulation, dizziness, confusion, insomnia, seizure; Young animals: CNS toxicity and arthropathy; Horse: Severe enteritis and colic; Cartilage damage, crystalluria, hematuria; hepatotoxicity; Retinal degeneration in cat; Stevens Johnson Syndrome: Blistering, itching, loosening, peeling, or redness of skin; diarrhea
Livestock- Meat- 10 days, Milk- 5 days; Poultry: Meat- 5 days, Egg- Not known.
Intravenous doses of Ciprofloxacin of up to 20 mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg) in pregnant rats and mice have not shown evidence of maternal toxicity, embryo toxicity or teratogenic effects. Ciprofloxacin can be distributed into milk, sometimes at a higher concentration than in plasma, but it is not known under what conditions significant amounts might be absorbed by nursing animals.
Store below 30° C in a cool & dry place. Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.
.png&w=384&q=75)