For the treatment of glaucoma. For use as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of seizures including absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and partial seizures. For the treatment of acute altitude sickness. For altitude sickness prophylaxis, including prevention of high altitude cerebral edema.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; Diuretic
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon-di-oxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In the eye, this inhibitory action of Acetazolamide decreases the secretion of aqueous humor and results in a drop in intraocular pressure, a reaction considered desirable in case of glaucoma. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the central nervous system appears to retard abnormal paroxysmal and excessive discharge from central nervous system neurons. So, Acetazolamide is also used as an adjuvant in the treatment of epilepsy.
Diuresis: Adult: 250-375 mg once daily or on alternate days. Intermittent treatment is needed for continued efficacy.
Hypersensitivity to suiphonamidea; Na or K depletion, hepatic insufficiency; hepatic cirrhosis; hyperchloraemic acidosis; severe renal impairment; severe pulmonary obstruction; chronic noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma; adrenocortical insufficiency. Pregnancy, lactation. Potassium supplements may be required. Impaired hepatic or renal function; diabetes. Monitor plasma electrolytes & blood count regularly. IM route is not recommended. Caution when driving or operating machinery. Elderly.
Drowsiness, paraesthesia, ataxia, dizziness, thirst, anorexia, headache; confusion, malaise, depression; GI distress, metabolic acidosis, polyuria, hyperuricaemia, renal calculi, nephrotoxicity, hepatic dysfunction. Rarely, skin reactions or blood dyacrasias.
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Benefit should outweigh risk. Based on single case reports, low levels of this drug are expected in human milk. The infants estimated dose from a maternal dose of 1000 mg a day (sustained-release product) is less than 0.7% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose. Some authorities believe this drug is compatible with breastfeeding when used to treat glaucoma. However, product manufacturers advise against, or advise use with extreme caution while breastfeeding due to the potential for serious adverse effects in nursing infants.
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
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