Xylometazoline nasal is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose). Xylometazoline nasal (for use in the nose) is used to treat stuffy nose caused by allergies, sinus irritation, or the common cold.
Sympathomimetic Decongestant
Nasal congestion is caused by various etiologies, such as rhinosinusitis and allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, leading to congestion of the venous sinusoids lining the nasal mucosa. Activation of α-adrenergic receptors leads to vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and resumption of nasal airflow. As the most abundantly expressed in the human nasal mucosa, α1A- and α2B-adrenoceptors may play the most important role in vasoconstriction of the human nasal mucosa. Xylometazoline is a more selective agonist at α2B-adrenoceptors, with affinity at α1A-, α2A-, α2C-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Xylometazoline decreases nasal resistance during inspiration and expiration and increases the volume of nasal airflow. Compared to oxymetazoline, another imidazoline nasal decongestant, xylometazoline had a slightly faster onset of action although they had a similar duration of action. In one study, subjects with nasal congestion reported relief of earache and sore throat in addition to nasal decongestion: it is speculated that oxymetazoline mediates this effect by causing vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa that contains the venous sinuses and nasal decongestion allows breathing through the nose, providing relief from sore throat caused by mouth breathing that dries and irritates the throat.
NASAL Nasal congestion: Adult:As 0.1% solution: Instill into each nostril bid-tid. Max duration: 7 days. Child:As 0.05% solution: 3 mth-12 yr: 1-2 drops into each nostril once or bid. Max duration: 7 days.
No drug interactions have been reported.
Angle closure glaucoma; dry rhinitis; post trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy, transnasal, trans-oral surgery where dura mater is exposed. Young children, pregnancy & lactation. Hypertension, CV abnormalities, DM. hyperthyroidism, history of excessive reaction to sympathomimetics, difficulty in urination secondary to prostate enlargement. Rebound congestion may occur after prolonged regular use.
Headache, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, nervousness, nausea, dizziness, palpitation, arrhythmia. Nasal drops: Local stinging or burning, sneezing, dryness of mouth & throat, nausea. Eye drops: Dryness of eye.
Pregnancy— Adequate and well-controlled studies in humans have not been done. It is not known whether xylometazoline is distributed into breast milk. However, problems in humans have not been documented.
Protect from light. For reasons of hygiene, do not use the bottle more than 28 days after opening it.
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