Glimepiride is indicated to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus; its mode of action is to increase insulin secretion by the pancreas.
Sulphonylurea; Antidiabetic
Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent which decreases blood glucose concentration. The primary mechanism of action of Glimepiride appears to be dependent on stimulating the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta cells. Glimepiride acts in concert with glucose by improving the sensitivity of beta cells to physiological glucose stimulus, resulting in insulin secretion. In addition, extrapancreatic effects like reduction of basal hepatic glucose production, increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake may also play role in the activity of Glimepiride. In non-fasting diabetic patients, the hypoglycaemic action of a single dose of Glimepiride persists for 24 hours.
ORAL Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Adult: Initially, 1-2 mg daily. Maintenance: 4 mg daily. Max: 6 mg daily.
Based on experience with Glimepiride and known interactions for other sulfonylureas, the following interactions must be considered.
In addition to insulin and other oral antidiabetic agents, drugs which may potentiate the hypoglycaemic action of Glimepiride include: ACE inhibitors, aminosalicylic acid, anabolic steroids and male sex hormones, azapropazone, chloramphenicol, ciofibrate, coumarin derivatives, cyclophosphamide, disopyramide, fenfluramine, fenyramidol, fibrates, fluconazole, fluoxetine, guanethidine, ifosfamide, MAO-inhibitors, miconazole, oxpentifylline (high dose parenteral), oxyphenbutazone, para-aminosalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, probenecid, quinolones, salicylates, sulphinpyrazone, sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracyclines, tritoqualine, trofosfamide.
Drugs which may attenuate the hypoglycaemic action of Glimepiride include:
Acetazoiamide, barbiturates, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, diazoxide, diuretics, glucagon, isoniazid, laxatives, nicotinic acid (high doses), oestrogens, phenothiazines, phenytoin, progestagens, rifampicin, sympathomimetic agents, thyroid hormones.
H2 receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, clonidine and reserpine may lead to either potentiation or weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect.
Concomitant treatment with a beta-receptor blocker, clonidine, guanethidine or reserpine may mask the warning symptoms of a hypoglycaemic attack.
Acute and chronic aicohol intake may either potentiate or attenuate the activity of Glimepiride in an unpredictable fashion.
Diabetic ketoacidosis w/ or w/o coma. Increased risk of CV mortality. Elderly; hepatic & renal impairment. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in patients w/ CHF or hepatic cirrhosis. Monitor blood-glucose concentration. Pregnancy, lactation.
Vomiting, GI pain, diarrhoea; pruritus, erythema, urticaria. morbilliform, maculopapular eruptions; leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, aplastic anaemia & pancytopenia; hyponatrasmia; changes in accommodation, blurred vision, jaundice.
Use is not recommended in pregnancy. Breastfeeding is not recommended during use of this drug.
Overdosage of sulfonylureas, including Glimepiride, can produce hypoglycaemia. Mild hypoglycaemic symptoms without loss of consciousness or neurologic findings should be treated aggressively with oral glucose and adjustments in drug dosage or meal patterns. Close monitoring should continue until the physician is assured that the patient is out of danger. Severe hypoglycaemic reactions with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment occur infrequently, but constitute medicai emergencies requiring immediate hospitalization. If hypoglycaemic coma is diagnosed or suspected, the patient should be given a rapid intravenous injection of concentrated (50%) glucose solution. This should be followed by a continuous infusion of a more dilute (10%) glucose solution at a rate that will maintain the blood glucose at a level above 100 mg/dl. Patients should be closely monitored for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours, because hypoglycaemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
Do not store above 30°C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.
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