Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; Diuretic
Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, producing a wide range of anticholinergic effects. Atropine is an anticholinergic agent which competitively blocks the muscarinic receptors in peripheral tissues such as the heart, intestines, bronchial muscles, iris and secretory glands. Some central stimulation may occur. Atropine abolishes bradycardia and reduces heart block due to vagal activity. Smooth muscles in the bronchi and gut are relaxed while glandular secretions are reduced. It also has mydriatic and cycloplegic effect.
Adult: 500 rncg every 3-5 minutes. Total: 3 mg. Max Dose: 0.04 mg/kg body weight.
Peripheral and central nervous system anticholinergic action is additive with other drugs which have anticholinergic activity for example, tricyclic antidepressants, other antispasmodics and antiparkinsonian drugs, some antihistamines, phenothiazines, disopyramide and quinidine. By delaying gastric emptying, atropine may delay the onset of action of other drugs and in some cases increase absorption. Addition of metoclopramide accentuates the reduction of lower oesophageal pressure produced by atropine premedication, and may thus protect against aspiration of gastric contents.
Glaucoma, chronic resp disease, sick sinus syndrome, thyrotoxicosis. cardiac failure, pyloric stenosis, prostatic hypertrophy. Reflux oesophagitis, elderly, infants & children. Pregnancy.
Dry mouth, dysphagia, constipation, flushing & dryness of skin, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, mydriasis, photophobia, cycloplegia, raised Intraocular pressure. Toxic doses cause tachycardia. hyperpyrexia, restlessness, confusion, excitement, hallucinations, delirium & may progress to circulatory failure & resp depression. Eye drops: Systemic toxicity esp in children, on prolonged use may lead to irritation, hyperaemia, oedema & conjunctivitis. Increased intraocular pressure. Inhalation: Dryness of mouth, throat. Atrial arrhythmias, AV dissociation, multiple ventricular ectopics.
This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus. No information is available on the use of atropine during breastfeeding. Long-term use of atropine might reduce milk production or milk letdown, but a single systemic or ophthalmic dose is not likely to interfere with breastfeeding. During long-term use, observe for signs of decreased lactation.
Keep below 25°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
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